Basalt is a common extrusive volcanic rock that is formed by the earth mantle - lava - flow. It contains large and small (nano-size) crystals in a fine matrix of quartz. Basalt fibers are used to create a wide range of materials and products that can substitute steel, aluminum and create new types of material with unique properties.
Basalt fiber major benefits:
Nowadays fiberglass is widely used in various applications and for most critical and expensive products carbon fibers are used. However, these materials do not meet requirements to the modern materials in full extent. Fiberglass has certain restrictions in application specification like limitations in durability, application temperature ranges, chemical stability (especially in alkali media). Rare mineral boron oxide (B2O3) is used in fiberglass production technology. Carbon fibers mostly due to their high cost do not have high demand in mass and vast industrial application.
Basalt fibers and materials on their basis have the most preferable parameter of Quality & properties to the Price ratio when compared with other types of fibers.
Table 1. Characteristics of Continuous Basalt Fiber (CBF) and other commercially available fibers
Properties CBF E-glass S-glass Carbon
Tensile strength, MPa 3000-4840 3100-3800 4,020-4650 3500-6000
Elastic modulus, gPa 79.3-93.1 72.5-75.5 83-86 230-600
Elongation at break, % 3.1 4.7 5.3 1.5-2.0 Diameter of the filament, 6-21 6-21 6-21 5-15
micron
TEX 60-4200 40-4200 40-4200 60-2400
Temperature- -260...+500 -50...+380 -50...+380 -50...+700
of application, deg. C
Average market price, USD 2.5 1.1 1.5 30
Table 2. Breaking strength-to-weight ratio for CBF of different diameters
Filament diameter, micron : 5 6 8 9 11
Breaking strength-to-weight : 215 210 208 214 212
ratio of elementary fibers, kg/sq.mm.
Unlike metals CBF is corrosion resistant. Unlike fiberglass CBF is not affected by acids. CBF possess high corrosion and chemical durability properties in corrosive media like salts, acid and alkali solutions.
Table 3. Chemical resistance of CBF
Filament diameter, micron Water 0.5xN(NaOH) 2xN(NaOH) 2xN(HCl)
17 99.63 98.3 92.8 76.9
12 99.7 98.9 90.7 49.9
9 99.6 94.6 83.3 38.8
A range of temperatures for CBF long-time application is 200...600 deg. C
Short-term repetitive temperatures shock - up to 700 deg. C
Single temperature shock - up to 1000 deg. C
Continuous Basalt Fibers are highly compatible with other materials (metals, plastic, glues, resins, rubbers) during manufacturing process. Materials made from CBF can be processed using common “cold” (low temperature) technologies such as moulding, winding, pultrusion, sputtering and others.
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